PTEN hamartoma syndrome with arteriovenous malformation – knee

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Progressive, clearly painful swelling at the knee
Infrared thermographic photograph: arteriovenous shunts
Digital subtraction angiography: PTEN hamartoma
X-ray: after successful embolization
DSA: after embolization with ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer
DSA: after embolization with ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer
DSA: microcatheter is advanced to just before the nidus
DSA: during re-embolization
DSA: after completion of repeat embolization
Photograph after the last embolization
Photograph after successful resection of completely embolized PTEN hamartoma.
Infrared thermography: no more heating in the area of the knee