Unusually hyperperfused venous malformation at the knee

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patient with recurrent painful swelling at the medial distal left thigh
MRI: venous malformation
MRI: venous malformation
MRI: venous malformation
MR angiography: venous malformation
DSA: feeder artery
DSA: arteriovenous fistulas
Digital subtraction angiography: venous malformation
DSA: feeding artery
DSA: fine fistulae
X-ray: AV fistulas
DSA: after embolization
Sclerotherapy: direct puncture technique
Sclerotherapy: direct puncture technique
After occlusion of the drainage, complete sclerotherapy of the VM was possible because the liquid sclerosing agent could no longer drain off via the communicating vein.
MRI: completely occluded venous malformation
Completely occluded venous malformation